The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 years.